From the 93 included studies, the majority (78%, n = 71) used a cross-sectional design with very few cohort (9%, n = 9), RCTs (8.4%, n = 8), quasi-experimental (2%, n = 2), and case-control studies (2%, n = 2)
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A few years ago I was flying home from school when the scent of cigarette smoke greeted my nostrils
And among these substances, there is a particularly prominent one, nicotine, which apart from being carcinogenic and able to cause immediate toxic effects (rise in cardiac frequency and blood pressure, and even acute intoxication syndromes), is all by itself responsible for cigarette dependency and the difficulty to quit smoking